The Importance of a Powers of Attorney
In this blog, I look at Powers of Attorney – what they are, the various types and the uses to which they are put. I also look at the alternative, the application process and the timing of applications to take account of the impact of the Mental Capacity Act 2005.
What is Power of Attorney
Powers of Attorney are arrangements set up by one individual (the donor) giving powers to another individual or individuals (the attorneys), because the donor is unable to make decisions himself/herself. The donor(s) might be unable to make decisions themselves during a period of temporary absence or because they lack mental capacity.
Types of Power of Attorney
A general Power of Attorney
This is an arrangement set up where the donor, say, wants temporarily to give powers to another perhaps in connection with a specific transaction.
As an example, if an individual wanted to purchase a property but was on an overseas employment posting when the various documents needed signing, he or she could appoint an Attorney to sign the documents relating to that specific transaction. Once completed the arrangement would cease.
Enduring Powers of Attorney
No new Enduring Powers of Attorney have been set up since the 1st October 2007 when they were replaced by Lasting Powers of Attorney – see below. However, if an Enduring Power of Attorney was made and signed before that date it will normally still be valid. An Enduring Power of Attorney covers decisions about property and financial affairs and comes into effect when the donor loses mental capacity, or they want someone to act on their behalf.
Lasting Power of Attorney (LPA)
There are two types of Lasting Powers of Attorney:
-Property and Financial Affairs
-Health and Welfare
The rest of this blog deals with the process for setting up and registering new Lasting Powers of Attorney and is also a call to action and a warning about the dangers of delay.
The Process
It is quite a simple process to set up Powers of Attorney yourself but if your affairs are complex you may prefer to use a solicitor or a will writer. The forms and guidance notes can be downloaded from the following government website:
-The Court of Protection is the Government body responsible for monitoring the activities of Attorneys but the Office of the Public Guardian is the administrative arm of the court which deals with the day-to-day processing of applications for Lasting Powers of Attorney.
-The forms are not unduly complicated although they are a little lengthy. Once completed, return them to the Office of the Public Guardian together with the relevant fees to enable the LPAs to be registered.
-Most importantly the donor must have mental capacity and the forms must be signed by a certificate provider. Further information about both of these topics are provided in the notes which accompany the form.
-The process outlined here applies to England and Wales; there is a different process in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
A Call to Action
There are enormous dangers of waiting too long to set up Powers of Attorney. In many ways Powers of Attorney are more important than a will. After all, failure to execute a will would result in the law of intestacy deciding how your estate is to be distributed. I do however advise doing both.
Failing to set up Powers of Attorney for an individual who subsequently loses mental capacity means that an individual needs to approach the Court of Protection to apply for a deputyship order to handle the affairs of the person who has lost capacity. The reporting requirements on deputies are onerous and it is not unusual for a solicitor to be appointed to do the job.
I have personal experience of an individual who lost capacity, following a stroke, and because there was no Lasting Power of Attorney in place his wife had to apply for a deputyship order to access funds. These were needed to pay for the carers who were coming to look after him at his home each day. This was an enormous burden on the wife at a time when she was wanted to devote time to caring for her husband.
Personal Experience With a Power of Attorney
To prove that I practice what I preach I have my own Powers of Attorney in place. In the summer of 2017, I had surgery and the cardiologist cheerfully explained that there was a small chance that I might die on the operating table or that I might suffer a major trauma such as a stroke. The fact that I am here to produce this blog tells you that neither of those things happened. However, in the period between the diagnosis and the operation, I set up Powers of Attorney appointing both my wife and my son as my Attorneys. The Power of Attorney documents are in a drawer at my home and could be used by my Attorneys at any time in the future if needed.
Remember with Powers of Attorney it is never too early to set them up but it can be too late. Too late might mean having to apply for a deputyship order with all of the additional administrative burden which that entails.